Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think

Mandarin Chinese is often described as a difficult language, sometimes one of the most difficult ones. This is not hard to understand. There are thousands of characters and strange tones! It must surely be impossible to learn for an adult foreigner! You can learn Mandarin ChineseThats nonsense of course. Naturally, if youre aiming for a very high level, it will take time, but I have met many learners who have studied for just a few months (albeit very diligently), and have been able to converse rather freely in Mandarin after that time. Continue such a project for a year and you will probably reach what most people would call fluent. So definitely not impossible. How difficult a language is depends on many things, but your attitude is certainly one of them and its also the easiest one to influence. You stand little chance of changing the Chinese writing system, but you can change your attitude towards it. In this article, Im going to show you certain aspects of the Chinese language and explain why they make learning a lot easier than you might think. How difficult is it to learn Mandarin Chinese? Of course, there are also things that make learning Chinese harder than you think (or perhaps as hard), sometimes even the same things from different angles or on different proficiency levels. That, however, is not the focus of this article. This article focuses on the easy things and is meant to encourage you. For a more pessimistic outlook, Ive written a twin article with the title: Why Mandarin Chinese is harder than you think. If you already study Chinese and want to know why its not always easy, perhaps that article will provide some insights, but below, I will focus on the easy things. Difficult or easy for whom? With what goal? Before we talk about specific factors that make learning Mandarin easier than you might think, Im going to make some assumptions. You are a native speaker of English or some other non-tonal language not related to Chinese at all (which would be most languages in the west). You might not have learnt any other foreign language, or perhaps youve studied one in school.   If your native language is related to Chinese or is influenced by it (such as Japanese, which largely uses the same characters), learning Chinese will become even easier, but what I say below will be true in any case. Coming from other tonal languages makes it easier to understand what tones are, but its not always easier to learn them in Mandarin (different tones). I discuss the downsides of learning a language completely unrelated to your native language in the other article. Furthermore,  Im talking about aiming for a basic level of conversational fluency where you can talk about everyday topics youre familiar with and understand what people say about these things if targeted at you. Approaching advanced or even near-native levels requires a whole new level of commitment and other factors play a bigger role. Including the written language also adds another dimension. Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think Without further ado, lets get into the list: No verb conjugations - Partly because of bad teaching practice, many people associate second language learning with endless verb conjugations. When you learn Spanish or French and care about being accurate, you need to remember how the verb changes with the subject. We have this in English too, but its much easier. We doesnt say we has. In Chinese, there are no verb inflections at all. There are some particles that change the function of verbs, but there are certainly no long lists of verb forms you need to memorise. If you know how to say çÅ"‹ (kà  n) look, you can use it for any person referring to any period of time and it will still look the same. Easy! No grammatical cases - In English, we make a difference between how pronouns are handled depending on if they are the subject or the object of a sentence. We say he talks to her; him talks to she is wrong. In some other languages, you need to keep track of different objects and sometimes also not only for pronouns, but for no uns as well. None of that in Chinese! 我 (wÇ’) I, me is used in any situation referring to myself in any way. The only exception would be plural we, which has an extra suffix. Easy!   Flexible parts of speech - When learning most languages other than Chinese, you need to remember different forms of the words depending on what part of speech they belong to. For example, in English we say ice (noun), icy (adjective) and to ice (over)/freeze (verb). These look different. In Chinese, though, these could all be represented by one single verb å† ° (bÄ «ng), which incorporates the meaning of all three. You dont know which one it is unless you know the context. This means that speaking and writing becomes much easier since you dont need to remember so many different forms. Easy! No gender - When you learn French, you need to remember if each noun is meant to be le or la; when learning German, you have der, die and das. Chinese has no (grammatical) gender. In spoken Mandarin, y ou dont even need to make a difference between he, she and it because they are all pronounced the same.  Easy!  Relatively easy word order -  Word order in Chinese can be very tricky, but this mostly becomes apparent at more advanced levels. As a beginner, there are a few patterns you need to learn, and once youve done that, you can just fill in the words youve learnt and people will be able to understand. Even if you mix things up, people will usually still understand, provided that the message you want to convey is relatively simple. It helps that the basic word order is the same as in English, i.e. Subject-Verb-Object (I love you). Easy!Logical number system - Some languages have really bizarre ways of counting. In French, 99 is said as 4 20 19, in Danish 70 is half fourth, but 90 is half fifth. Chinese is really simple. 11 is 10 1, 250 is 2 100 5 10 and 9490 is 9 1000 400 9 10. Numbers do get a little bit harder above that because a new word is used for every four zeroes, not every three as in English, but its still not hard to learn to count. Easy!Logic character and word creation - When you learn words in European languages, you can sometimes see the word roots if youre good at Greek or Latin, but if you take a random sentence (such as this one), you cant really expect to understand how each word is constructed. In Chinese, you actually can do that. This has some significant advantages. Lets look at a few examples of advanced vocabulary that are really easy to learn in Chinese but very hard in English. Leukemia in Chinese is è ¡â‚¬Ã§â„¢Å' blood cancer. Affricate is Ã¥ ¡Å¾Ã¦â€œ ¦Ã©Å¸ ³ stop friction sound (this refers to sounds like ch in church, which has a stop (a t sound), then friction (the sh sound)). If you didnt know what these words meant in English, you probably do now after looking at a literal translation of the Chinese words! These are not exceptions in Chinese, this is the norm. Easy! These are just some of the more obvious reasons that reaching a basic level in Chinese is not as difficult as you think. Another reason is that Chinese is much more hackable than any other language Ive learnt. The difficult parts are easier to hack What do I mean by this? Hacking in this case means understanding how the language works and using that knowledge to create smart ways of learning (this is what my website Hacking Chinese is about). This is especially true for the writing system. If you approach learning Chinese characters like you would learning words in French, the task is daunting. Sure, French words do have prefixes, suffixes and so on and if your Latin and Greek are up to par, you might be able to use this knowledge to your advantage and be able to understand how modern words are created. For the average learner, however, thats not possible. Its also the case that many words in French (or English or many other modern languages) cant be broken down or understood without doing serious research into etymology first. You can of course break them down yourself in ways that make sense to you. In Chinese, however, you dont need to do that! The reason is that one Chinese syllable corresponds to one Chinese character. That gives very little room for change, meaning that while words in English can gradually lose their spelling and morph over the centuries, Chinese characters are much more permanent. They do of course change, but not that much. It also means that the parts that make up the characters are in most cases still present and can be understood on their own, thus making understanding a lot easier. What all this boils down to is that learning Chinese neednt be all that hard. Yes, reaching an advanced level takes a lot of time and effort, but getting to basic conversational fluency is within reach for all those who really want it. Will it take longer than reaching the same level in Spanish? Probably, but not that much if we only talk about the spoken language. Conclusion This article was meant to convince you that you can learn Chinese. Of course, an article like this also has its dark twin, why learning Chinese is actually very hard, especially if you go beyond just basic oral communication. If youre a beginner, you dont really need such an article, but if youve already come a long way and want some sympathy, make sure you read on:Why Mandarin Chinese is harder than you think

`` Declaration Of Principles `` By Charles Foster Kane

Charles Foster Kane strived for the public’s adoration and for them to worship him. In trying to achieve the public’s appreciation and idolization, Kane buys the New York Inquirer. Kane publishes what is called â€Å"declaration of Principles†. In this declaration of principles Kane states he will not with hold anything from his readers and be truthful. Kane believes that with being honest that he will earn the readers trust when other newspapers are hiding the true details from them. Orson Wells leads the audience to believe that Kane craves this attention and desire for worship due to his childhood. Kane was forced to leave home at a young age to pursue better opportunities as an adult. One evening on his way to find his youth Kane runs into a beautiful young woman named Susan Alexander. Kane instantly adores Susan for her innocents, her unfulfilled childhood desires and the ability to laugh through the pain of a tooth ache. Kane is surprisingly shocked that Miss Alexander does not recognize him for who he is; however she reassures him that she still likes him. Susan is all giggles about Kane being splashed in the face with muddy water by a passing vehicle. This endears her to him almost instantly. That first night Susan confides in Kane, informing him of her longing about singing or rather how her mother wanted her to sing. Bringing to light how both seemed unhappy with their childhood; due to their mother’s dreams and expectations. Kane was very manipulativeShow MoreRelatedCitizen Kane, Directed By Orson Welles995 Words   |  4 Pagesfilm critic Roger Ebert, Citizen Kane, is a movie directed, co-authored, produced and starred by Orson Welles and released in 1941. The film follows a series of flashbacks to solve a mystery, and is based upon newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst. The movies subtle comparison between the fictional protagonist, Charles Foster Kane (played by Orson Welles) and William Randolph Hearst l eads Hearst to ban any mention of the movie in his newspapers. Citizen Kane shows the harsh realities of the lackRead More Citizen Kane Essay981 Words   |  4 Pages The film Citizen Kane, directed by Orson Welles, is a great example of how a man can be corrupted by wealth. Through the characters in the film we can observe how Charles Foster Kane, an idealistic man with principles, can be changed and misguided by wealth and what accompanies wealth. The film takes places during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a time in American history when the world is changing and wealth is a great power to change it with. Through the story telling of Kane’s lifeRead MoreCitizen Kane Analysis870 Words   |  4 PagesThrough his 1941 film, Citizen Kane, Orson Welles’ portrays the complex nature of individuals as he explores the defining characteristics of the human condition through the depiction of the protagonist, Charles Foster Kane. The film’s enduring value s is attributed to its explorations of relevant contextual concerns present throughout the 20th century and contemporary society. Through Welles’ use of innovative cinematic construction and textual flair, Welles highlights the complexities in shapingRead MoreCitizen Kane : Character Analysis : Citizen Kane1337 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis: Kane Citizen Kane one of the consistently top ranked films of all time, A film that would change the course and style of film from that point on Its ability to direct the audience’s attention with its many remarkable and breath-taking scenes. 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Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built- in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

The Globalization of Professional Business-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on Global Business Environment. Answer: Introduction. Over time, the way of doing business has changed immensely due to effects of globalization and globalism. Handling globalization effectively can help to develop a countries economy and assist in sustainability development. Poor handling of globalism and globalization can damage thriving activities because it has disadvantages. Globalization is defined as the process of integration that enables free movement of people, ideas, capital, goods, services technology, and information. Globalization has been brought about by advancements in transport means and telecommunication facilities (mcmichael, 2013, p.1340). Globalism, on the other hand, refers to planning economic developments and foreign policies in an international way. This report is written to highlight globalization and globalism and their effects in the business environment, the process of international integration, challenges facing globalization and benefits and risks facing global business environment. The process of international integration. There several factors that have helped in promoting international integration. Some of the factors include; Transport, information technology, and communication. The revolution of transport and communication modes and means has promoted globalization to a higher extend. Transport revolution which has led to the development of jet, airplanes, steam ships and other has enabled individuals to travel all over the world (Jaumotte, et al.2013, p.290). This has helped to bridge the space between nations and also reducing the time spent moving from one nation to another to carry out economic activities. Information technology revolution has facilitated easy sharing of information and ideas. This led to spread of innovative ideas that helped to promote globalization. Industrial organization. Advancement in technologies has enabled organizations to operate efficiently. This efficiency led to the growth of firms and enabled them to expand their operations to other nations. The process of hiring professional to work in these firms has also immensely influenced globalization. The growth of firms enables them to cross boundaries to look for a market for their goods and services (Kong, 2013, p.280). Exporting of the surplus firm produce has also contributed to globalization process. The industrial organization has also led to the growth of multinational companies. These companies set up branches in different countries and this help globalization process. Technology. Advancements of technology in some countries has also resulted to globalization. This is because people from under developed countries move to developed countries to gain and increase their knowledge in certain technologies (Ferguson, 2014, p.270). Developed countries regarding technologies export their high-tech products to other nations which are not able to produce their products. This process promotes international trade which supports globalization. Political matters. Political leaders play a great role in promoting globalization. Political leaders are responsible for developing regional agreements that help in the free flow of goods, services, and labor. The regional integration has led to developments that foster globalization such as common currency (Kittel and Winner, 2005, p.280). This integration enables labor force to cross borders. This enables individuals to gain employment in other nations. Regional integration also promotes and regulates the level of globalization by determining the amount and type of goods to be exported to other countries. Thus political integration helps to promote globalization. The formed trading blocs help to reduce national barriers that promote international integration process. Reduced tariff barriers. Removal of trade barriers has resulted to free movement of products and services from one nation to another. This enables countries with surplus goods and services to be able to export to other countries, and this has helped to promote globalization (Dubois and Duquesne, 1993, p.40). Removing national trade barriers has promoted free movement of labor which in turn has helped in the international integration process and global trade. Benefits of globalization. Globalization has proven to provide a lot of benefits in global business environment. Some of the benefits include; Economic benefits. Globalization has enabled movement of goods and products from one state to another. This has helped to increase trading activities that have helped to improve economies of many nations (Izberk-Bilgin, 2012, p.680). The free movement of goods also enables nations with limited resources to have access to products which they are not able to produce. These products have enabled the countries to improve their citizens standard of living. Globalization has also helped to improve specialization. This allows nations to produce products and services which they have an absolute advantage or comparative advantages. This leads to efficiency in utilization of resources as specialization enables governments to manage resources well (Shastry, 2012, p.290). Specialization also has led to the production of high quality goods that can be exposed to other nations. Specialization has also led to the cooperation of nations as they rely on each other for some products. Specializations enable nations to focus on their strengths, and this has led to improved economies. Political benefits. Globalization has enabled many nations to enter into cooperation agreements which will foster economic growth. This cooperation between nations has helped to stop international wars and conflicts that hinder economic growth (Artz,and Yahya, 2012, p.1). Globalization enables coming together of political leaders as telecommunication and transport facilities have made the world seem so small. Globalization has helped to prevent dictatorships in many nations. This has enabled many citizens to exercise their democratic rights that foster good governance. Cultural and ethical benefits. Globalization has enabled free movement of people. Transport and telecommunication revolution that has makes the world seem so small. This enables individuals to explore different cultures. This has led to exposure to many cultures which has enabled people to be exposed to international music, art, movies, and religion (mcmillan, et al.2014, p.20). Globalization ha also brought about ethical benefits. These benefits have led to creating awareness on human rights that has led to addressing human injustices in both developed and developing nations. This has led to the growth of civilization that has promoted respect for other peoples rights. The spread of technology. Technology developments were advanced in developed countries only. Due to globalization, developing countries were able to have access to this developed technologies. Globalization led to spread of ideas and information that led to technology advancements to spread all over the world (Mishkin, 2009, p.190). Technology has been essential in facilitating global business as it has helped in the production of quality products with much efficiency. Globalization and globalism challenges in the global business environment. Though globalization brings a lot of benefits in different nations, it has faced many challenges that hinder the process of international integration. The challenges include; Political challenges Investors who invest in other countries through the aid of globalization find doing business hard due to the government taking actions that do not favor investing in their countries. The government sometimes fails to take any action when that may correct some aspects affecting the performance of business entities (Chatterji, et al.2013, p.130). The threat of nationalism has been the largest political threat to global business. During economic challenges, governments use various forms of countering the risks such as exchange rate control and even imposing tariffs that hinder the free movement of goods, services, and labor. Such actions impede globalization which affects global business environment. Civil wars and post-election violence affect the global business environment as investors and organizations will be afraid to invest in such countries for fear of loss of lives and properties (Law, et al.2014, p.220). The assassination of political leaders championing globalization process has happened several times, and due to such cases, global business suffers a huge blow as globalization process may be affected by the policies of the assassins. Corruption practices have also affected the global business environment. This is because unethical government institutions affect how business is done as they control the process of awarding contracts through illegal business dealings. This discourages investors, and it affects global business. Cultural challenges. Different countries have different cultures. Some cultures promote globalization process while others affect the global business environment. Some cultures believe that leaders should hail from a certain community and this cannot be changed. The leaders in power may not support globalization, and this remains the case as the government cannot be changed (Huang, et al.2014, p.40). Such leaders engage in corruptive practices that hinder the development of global business environment as they hinder investors from investing in their countries for fear of civilization that is brought about by globalization. This poses a threat to their leadership position. This kind of cultures hinders globalization process. Some cultures do not allow the taking of risks or any form of uncertainty. This hinders business process because business is all about taking risks. This affects the global environment as the people in such countries cannot engage in some business activities (Asongu, 2014, p.350). This type of cultures in different countries impose frameworks that must be followed by everybody engaging in business activities in that country. Such rules prevent investors and business people from uses practices employed by other stakeholders in the global market, and this affects the global business environment. Technological challenges. Advancements in technology have helped international economic integration to a greater extent. Due to the spread of ideas, innovation process led to the development of different technologies by various countries. Such countries made countries to be self-reliant as the technology has enabled them to produce what they did not produce initially (Knickerbocker, 1973, p.8). This affects globalization because due to self-sufficiency, there will be less movement of people and goods and services from one nation to another. This will affect the global business environment as people and organizations will prefer to conduct business operations in their own countries. The challenge of use of different currency and accounting practices. Use of different currency has negatively affected globalization process as this affects transaction activities where two nations using different currencies are involved. Due to exchange rate controls, nations with different currencies will not be able to engage in business activities that promote globalization process (Mohamed and Lashine, 2003, p.10). Different accounting policies adopted by different nations also affect globalization process as the lack of uniformity in accounting practices gives some nations undue advantage while hurting the other party. This affects foreign investment activities and this, in turn, affects global business environment and globalization. Social and moral responsibilities of globalization and globalism. Globalization should interfere with other peoples cultures. Globalization process should protect the set laws and regulations in different countries. This will enable globalization to be embraced by countries resisting globalization for fear of erosion of their culture. Globalization should ensure its concern for consumers, community, and shareholders regarding being fair and just and also respect their rights (Popescu, 2013, p.170). The moral values of corporations should not be to exploit their consumers, and they should obey and respect diverse ethical demands required from them by different communities. Companies operating away from their territories due to globalization has a moral duty to respect the legal frame works in other communities. Globalization should also ensure there is rising demand for corporate responsibility which will prevent organizations from exploiting consumers. Global management process. Management of global business environment has to start by ensuring all trade barriers are removed so that there can be free movement of goods and labor between nations so that international trade can take place without hurting some players(Thamhain, 2013, p.30). This is done by setting laws and regulations that regulate the global business environment. This helps to minimize conflicts that may occur and affect the global business process. Globalism and globalization in developed countries. Developed countries have benefited from globalism and globalization and some of the benefits include; Large market. Globalization has enabled developed countries to export their products to other countries hence creating an international market for their products and services. Creation of job opportunities. Free movement has enabled job seekers to move to developing nations and secure job opportunities which have led to improved standards of living. Creation of strong trade ties. This has led to improved trade terms which have contributed to improving economic conditions. The trade ties have also ensured corporation that fosters international peace. Promoting exports. Due to globalization and globalism, there was an increased market for the produced products in other countries (Caniato, et al.2013, p.290). Technology that resulted due to globalization has enabled the production of quality goods that promote exports in the developed countries. Disadvantages of globalization and globalism in developed countries Negative impact on taxation. Corporations in developed countries have shifted their businesses to other nations which have low tax rates (Clark, 2014, p.4). This causes developed countries not to collect the needed revenues as corporations try to exploit tax loop holes in other nations. Globalization and globalism in developing countries. Globalization has enabled developing countries to experience some benefits. The benefits include; The spread of technology. Globalization has led to developing countries having access to modern technology (Kindstrm and Kowalkowski, 2014, p.100). The technology has enhanced innovation process which has led to specialization by some countries. Job creation. Due to globalization, multinational corporations have established branches in developing nations. These companies employ the local citizens. This helps to improve the standards of living of the developing nations. New market. Globalization has enabled developing nations to have access to the international market for their products and services. This has helped to improve industrialization process that led to the production of high quality products for export (Kramsch, 2014, p.300). The exports help to improve the terms of trade of developing nations. Disadvantages of globalization in developing nations. Global management process of the global business environment has caused developing nation to experience several disadvantages of globalization and globalism. They include; Killing local industries. Due to the dumping of goods by developed countries, many developing nations young industries have collapsed (Kramsch, 2014, p.300). This is due to stiff competition from goods from other nations. This has affected the process of industrialization, and this affects economic growth of many developing nations. Erosion of culture. Globalization and globalism have led to the erosion of the culture of many communities in developing countries (Clark, 2014, p.4). This kills tourism and hospitality industry as the cultural artifacts which can attract tourist are destroyed in the process of globalization. This also leads to loss of sense of belonging. Increased dependence. Globalization has led to increased dependence by developing nations as they opt to import the products they dont produce (Clark, 2014, p.4). This leads to deteriorating terms of trade which damage many developing nation's economies. Trade tariffs. Imposition of trade tariffs prevents developing nations from exporting their products to other countries. This affects their foreign exchange reserves and affects their terms of trade (Nicolai'dis, 2014, p.51). Developed nations experience more benefits of globalization and globalism than developing nations. If necessary measures are not taken, developing nations' economy may be damaged to the point of no repair. Advantages of global business environment. Global customer satisfaction. Due to competition, companies have been forced to start producing quality goods to compete effectively with products from other nations (Nicolai'dis, 2014, p.51). Export products are also of high quality to meet the set standards. This production of quality products leads to satisfaction of customers needs and preferences. New market. Globalization has led to opening up of new markets for products and services. Countries can export their surplus products to other nations. The spread of technology has also led to the development of e-commerce which has also created new markets for products and services. Economies of scale and scope Due to specialization, countries can produce different products and services with much efficiency due to comparative and absolute advantages (Nicolai'dis, 2014, p.51). Efficiency leads to the production of large amounts of products that enable countries to enjoy economies of scale and economies of scope. This enables them to save on the cost of production and production of cheap quality products that attract customers in the global market. The spread of technology, information, and civilization. The global business environment enables spread of technology that has helped in the innovation process. Innovation process has led to creative means of producing quality products that compete favorably the global market (Zhang, et al.2014, p.315). The global environment has also enabled the spread of civilized business practices to spread all over the world, and this has improved business transactions all over the world. Risks of global business environment. Competition. The global business environment has exposed young industries in different countries to face stiff competition from well-established multinational corporations (Zhang, et al.2014, p.315). This trend has killed the process of industrialization in many countries due to the dumping of products into other countries by developed countries. The spread of terrorism and erosion of culture. The global business environment has led to the erosion of culture in different communities all over the world. This has led communities to lose a sense of belonging. Global business has also led to spread of terrorism activities that have led to the destruction of valuable properties, loss of lives and instilling fear that threatens business activities all over the world. Economic over dependence. The global business environment has led to increased economic over dependence by many countries. This has been caused by the specialization process that enables countries to focus on production of only a few commodities (Zhang, et al.2014, p.315). In case of disputes that may hinder global business, some nations will suffer, and their economies will decline. Conclusion Globalism and globalization offer many benefits to countries. This has led to the development of the global business which has helped to improve the lives of many people. Globalism and globalization should be well regulated, and this will cripple economies of many countries. The global business environment has led to spread of technology, free movement of goods and labor, created a large market for products and services, the spread of practical business practices and creation of job opportunities. From the report, developed countries benefit more from globalization and globalism than developing countries. This has been so due to various practices such as developed nations imposing trade tariffs on developing nations product, dumping of their surplus goods to developing nations markets hence killing their industries and in the long run industrialization process. The global business environment has enabled many countries to be exposed to sound business practices and elimination of unethical cultures and practices in the business environment. References Artz, L. and Yahya, R.K., 2012. Globalization, media hegemony and social class. Globalization of Corporate Media Hegemony, The: Evaluating California's Imprisonment Crisis, p.1. Asongu, S., 2014. Globalization (fighting), corruption and development: How are these phenomena linearly and nonlinearly related in wealth effects?. Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), pp.346-369. Caniato, F., Golini, R. and Kalchschmidt, M., 2013. 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Proceed International Scientific Conference -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Proceed International Scientifi Conferencec? Answer: Introducation Effective business communication is important for business success and the employees need to have good communication to make efficient business communication within and outside the office premises. As stated by Adnan et al., (2017), business communication should be concise and complete with management and employees' end. Business communication within the workplace must be clear and the employees must show confidence while conversing with others. In this study, I am going to test my business communication skills by identifying two key areas of personal capability. Soft skills are a combination of social skills, people skills and communication skills that help people in shaping the characters. Soft skills in communication are necessary to manage the people within the workplace (Berger, 2014). In order to manage the people, emotional intelligence and social intelligence both are important. Soft skills of an employee are also referred to as people skills as controlling and managing the people are needed. In soft skills test, there are 16 statements are there and each of the state has five scale rating like Likert scale. For each statement, the participant has to colour the column or scale he/she likes to choose. After answering all the questions, the participants need to calculate the score of the test. The statements are related to the feedback, decision-making, collaboration and speaking ability. Verbal communication skills test Verbal communication in the workplace is needed to quickly communicate with people in order to build the rapport with the co-workers. Verbal communication is the speaking ability in front of others that help the employees to gain influence, respect and become likeable among people within the workplace (Couldry Hepp, 2013). Verbal communication self-assessment test has 20 statements and each of the statement has 7 point scale. The participants of the test need to respond in an honest way as possible. The participants of this test need to choose 1 to 7 point based on the statement where 1 means very little' and 7 means a lot'. After taking the test, the participants need to calculate the score to understand the weaknesses and strengths in verbal communication. Non-verbal communication skill test Non-verbal communication among the people is done through the body language without words. Non-verbal communication is included the use of visual clues like body language, physical environment, distance and touch or voice. As stated by DeVito (2015), in working environment, wordless clues signal more than words through nonverbal communication. In the workplace, the leaders or managers use consciously or unconsciously use their facial expressions to make the opposite persons understand the meaning of the communication. In this test, there are 8 questions and each question has four alternatives. The participants have to answer correctly from the given alternatives. The participants can calculate the score after the test is done. Presentation skill test An effective presentation can reduce the conflict of communication. Presentation skills are associated with the confidence, relax and performance of the presenter. According to Fussell Kreuz (2014), employees can learn how to be comfortable and relaxed during the presentation and to increase the level of confidence during the presentation. Presentation skill test has 14 statements and each of the statement has five-point scales. The participants need to answer the statement accurately and five-point scales reflect not at all', rarely', sometimes', often' and very often'. After taking the test, the participants need to calculate the score. Self-perceived communication competency scale (SPCC) test Employees within a workplace try to communicate effectively with the fellow employees. As stated by Ganguly (2017), one employee can be more competent in one situation in communicating than other situation. On the contrary, one employee is competent in one situation and another employee is not at all competent in the similar situation. Self-perceived communication competency scale test has 12 statements. The operations need to give a score based on the statement from 0 (completely incompetent) to 100 (competent). After taking the test, the participants need to calculate the percentile of the sub-score through computer or calculator. Soft skill is also referred to as people skill that can help me to communicate effectively with the employees. Soft skills test comprised 16 questions and this test score ranges from 16 to 80. Fortunately, I scored 56 out of 80. Soft skill is important to me as this skill is helpful to manage the communication from leaders' or managerial level. At the managerial level, soft skills are important in communication to navigate the workplace environment, to work efficiently with others and to achieve the goals of the organisation. The result of the soft skill test showed me that I can identify the work process and I like to work with co-workers. My first priority is my needs; however, I like to work in collaborative. This test showed that my old habits of taking stress and tension during the work pressure. Verbal communication test Managers and leaders need to build the verbal communication in order to verbally motivate the people to become friendly, clear in speaking, thinking before speaking and authentic self-respect for the fellow people. This verbal communication tests score ranges from 20 to 140. Verbal communication is significant to perform effectively within a team. The result of the verbal communication came with 76. There are four slabs in the results category. My score fell into the category of second group (between 51 and 80) as my score was 76. This result showed that I have communication skills, but these communication skills are not well-developed. I am aware of my limits and I need personal development to improve my verbal communication skills. Non-verbal communication skill test Non-verbal communication is important as facial expression, eye-contact and gesture of the leaders or managers to understand the tone of the communication. Non-verbal communication skill test had eight questions and fortunately I managed to give all answers right. Therefore, I got the score between 35 and 40pts. This score showed that I am an excellent communicator. This score also showed the potentiality of me that my gesture can make people understand what I intend to communicate. Presentation skills test The presentation skill is part of the business requirements and the presenter needs to impact on the audiences. Presentation skill test had 14 statements to answer and I gave my responses. The result came with score 50. This score interprets that my presentation skill is just okay and the presentations are probably just average. I am an average presenter and I may not leave a good impression to the audiences. My message is essentially non-existent and my message is just likely to be soon forgotten. Therefore, I need to work on this skill in order to improve my presentation skill to become an excellent presenter. Self-perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC) test While doing this test, I was a little bit confused at first. There were 12 statements; I had to give my responses on the scale of 0 to 100 for each of the statement. I did the same however, I had to compute the sub score and I also had to add the percentages for the items. There are 7 subcategories in this test. I had to compute all the seven categories. In public, my score was 85. I calculated the other categories as well, meeting (75), group (83.3), dyad (90), stranger (73), acquaintance (86) and friend (90). My score is not higher, it was average. This score suggested that I have average self-perceived communication competence with basic communication context. Two communication issues In verbal communication self-assessment test, I managed to score less than 80. This showed that I have issue in verbal communication. Difficulties in communication and speech in public are common for many people and it is referred to as intellectual disability. I might face lack of stimulation in communicating verbally or I might face lack of confidence while I speak in public. Verbal communication is necessary while working within a team. Some people become excessive conscious when people work with people who are from different culture and language background. Presentation skill test showed that I have issues with making a presentation and I am not a good presenter at all. In business, the presentation is needed to persuade the clients or customers outside the organisations. In inside the organisation, managers or leaders present the company's financial matter, cast the vision of the organisation to the employees through the presentation. Presentation making skill as well as the good tone of voice, attitude, smile and audience attraction skill all are needed to be a good presenter. I need to be a good presenter as I lack in showing information through the presentation, I cannot persuade people properly and I may lack the motivation to persuade the people through oratory power. Reflect on two recent professional interactions In my previous organisation, I had to take the clients' call sometimes when my co-workers were absent. I used face lack of verbal skills when my manager asked to take a call from the clients. The clients were of various nationality and they had different moods and tone. I became extremely conscious about my words and I faced lack of stimulation in communicating verbally. I listened more rather I answered them back and I felt difficulty in making proper professional tone during the calls. Choosing the right words and assembling them in the right order became a challenge for me. I was an internship for two months and that time, I had to deliver a presentation in front of my colleagues and managers. I stepped on the stage and I saw almost 300 people were staring at me. I got nervous and tone became feeble. I could not deliver my presentation well even though I had prepared my presentation well. It was 10 minutes presentation and I ended up the presentation only after 7 minutes skipping some parts. During questions-answers session after the presentation, I felt terrible lack of confidence Verbal communication As opined by Ng Bradac (2013), verbal communication is about sharing information among the people and the interaction must be made with spoken words. In staff meetings, telephonic discourse, meetings both formal and informal are conducted using verbal communication. Verbal communication is very important for an employee to work as a team and work as a team member. In addition, leaders and managers possess the verbal communication skill as their oratory motivates the subordinate to work properly. As suggested by Mundy et al., (2016), organisation's image is portrayed through the employees' communication process. Organisations can use top-down communication and it can also use horizontal communication as well. Lack of verbal communication fosters hampering in a business relationship with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. Effective verbal communication leads to a good relationship between employers and employees for enhancement of job satisfaction. Presentation skill Managers within organisations need to deliver a presentation on the quarterly or monthly basis as they need to present the reports, accounts and departmental project updates. In addition, senior-level employees have to deal with clients where they need to deliver on product or service descriptions for selling. Business deals are done with a presentation where the orators need to be persuasive with motivation. According to Alberts, Nakayama Martin (2015), preparing persuasive presentation can help to win the audiences heart and delivering this with proper tone, smile, smile and right attitude can win the brain of the audiences. Sometimes, business managers make a presentation to motivate the sales team and presentation celebrates some aspects of the culture of the business. As mentioned by Jolles (2017), no man is a born orator, each of the individual needs to learn how to present his offering in front of the audiences. Managers use their presentation skills to grab the attention of the audiences, stimulate the imagination, inspire the confidence of the audiences and develop the understanding. Theoretical understanding of communication Aristotle developed an exclusive linear model of communication, only for oral communication. This theoretical perspective of communication was the first and it was proposed in the year 300 B.C. This theory proposes the linear communication that starts with the speaker. As stated by Jensen (2016), Aristotle's communication model is referred to as speaker centred model as the speaker has the most important role in the communication process and role of the audience is mere passive in this communication. The speaker needs to influence the audiences by the speech and target audience judge the situation. The speech of the speaker needed to be prepared beforehand, so that the audiences of the speech gets involved with this and persuaded accordingly. Communication theory follows the framework: Mechanistic: This process attempts to make communication as a perfect transaction between sender and receiver of the message. Psychological: This process considers the communication as the way to sending the message to the receiver and this process tries to navigate the feelings of the receiver when the receiver gets the message. Social: This process is considered as the sharing and creating the meaning through information. The social process of communication is different as ideas and truths are constructed and invented through the social process of communication (Knapp, Vangelisti Caughlin, 2014). Shannon and Weaver's model is the key concept of communication function. Their model initially consisted of four parts, sender, channel, message and receiver. They proposed this communication process while working in telephone and radio technology. The sender of the message was the telephone speaker, the channel was the telephone and receiver was on the opposite party who was listening. According to Liu Fraustino (2014), communication can be termed as sending or receiving the information. Models of communication This model of communication was invented by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 and said that communication is a two-manner process. Each sender and receivers are responsible to receive and send the message. The message wishes to send after encoding, therefore, the sender of the message is referred to as Encoder. The encoded message desires to decode through the receiver, therefore, the receiver is known as Decoder (Writh et al., 2017). There are unique components of this version and sender is the person who sends the communication and this individual may be called transmitter as nicely. The encoder is the man or woman who converts the verbal exchange to be dispatched and decoder receives the message. The decoder converts the language of the message to a basic know-how. The function of the interpreter is sizable as the person attempts to make out and examine the message. Interpreter and receiver is the same character (Hybels, 2014). Encoding assumes to be an important part of beginning the manner of communication and changing the message into statistics is tough. Schramms version shows how the message is transferred to a group while interpersonal communication takes place and this version runs conversation as a never-finishing technique. As stated by McQuail Windahl (2015), communication process includes the act of conferring the knowledge among the parties. The forms of communication may depend on abilities of group communicating and this process can be referred to as information transmission. Berlos Communication model David Berlo conceptualised this model of communication and this model is also referred to as Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model. Sender starts the communication process and senders message is related to the communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, culture and social systems. A communication skill of an individual affects the process of communication and senders attitude reflects on the receiver. Next, message is the core matter that is being sent to the receiver by the sender. Message can be audio, text, video or other media. The key elements of the message are content, factors, treatment, code and structure (McQuail Windahl, 2015). Channels of the sending message can be like telephone, internet and five senses of the human beings. Five senses of the human beings are associated with hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling and touching to the people. At the last, receiver gets the message that is being sent by the sender and receiver believes that pattern of all factors must be ment ioned to sync the communication process. Communication skills, knowledge and social systems may not create the same effects if the sender and receiver are not in the linear process. As argued by Patton et al., (2017), in the Berlos model, there is no feedback policy and it is a linear model communication, two way process cannot be possible. Triandis theory of interpersonal behaviour Significant behaviour of the people is related to the four factors, contextual factors, attitudes, personal capabilities and habits (Petersons Khalimzoda, 2016). As opposed by Shockley-Zalabak (2014), in interpersonal behaviour, two factors play the major role, first is social factors and second one is emotions in the workplace by the employees. Significance of past behaviour is important in the present for the individuals in the workplace as it can shape the present motivation. Habits of the people can also mediate the behaviour of the people that influences by facilitating condition (Stread, 2013). Behaviour of the people is related to the intention of the individuals and partly the habitual response. The individuals cannot avoid the situational constraint as intention of the people in workplace can influence by effective behaviour and social factors. The behaviour in the workplace can be defined as deliberative, not fully automatic. Moral beliefs can impact on shaping the behavio ur of the people and it drives the emotion of the people and it creates limitation to the cognitive factors. Social factors in the situation is related t the roles, norms and self-respect, on the other side, emotional responses are related to the decisions of the people (Thatcher Evia, 2017). Rational-instrumental evaluations are included both negative and positive emotional responses. Individuals need to communicate properly and communication shapes the interpersonal behaviour as well. Action plan This part is based on my betterment plan for communication development. In the previous section, I have identified two of my communication issues that are verbal communication issues and presentation skills. For this, I am going to develop an action plan for 6 months (24 weeks) to improve my communication. Therefore, within this scheduled timeframe, I am going to achieve my desired goals. Short courses Short-communication courses can be very helpful for me to develop my communication and it will assist me in the workplace as well. These short courses on communication are mainly professional courses and I will complete these courses within 6 months of time frame. CQUniversity offers professional short courses to the young professionals to upgrade the skills and talents of the individuals. I would like to do courses on Assertiveness and Communication (3 months) and Adult Community Education (3 months). Individuals who are above 15 years of age can join in these courses and these six-eight week courses provide knowledge of communication that would further help in small business, automotive, IT and hospitality sectors. In addition, I would like to take a short course on Basic Computer Skills where I can learn about making a perfect presentation using Microsoft Office software and other upgraded software. In addition, I am going to enrol my name in academic masters' degree on Masters in Communication from CQUniversity that would definitely help me to improve my verbal communication and face-to-face conversation. This course can be done in 2 years for full-time and 4 years of part-time and this course will help me to develop my professional communication with discipline-specific employers. Reading plan Reading books always provide a person with confidence and makes the person knowledgeable. The proper reading plan can improve my communication skills and I make a plan that I will complete a book within a week. I will read quality books from renowned authors. I will read A Language of Life' by Marshall Rosenberg and I will also read TED Talks' by Chris Anderson. Furthermore, my reading plan contains Active Listening' by Emilia Hardman and The Power of Self Confidence' by Brian Tracy. Maintaining personal journal I will keep a personal journal where I will keep my improvements in date basis. Keeping a daily journal helps me to keep the account of activities and it will also help me to monitor my improvements and growth. Personal journal assists an individual to stretch the IQ and it evokes the mindfulness. Maintaining personal journal boosts emotional intelligence and it also enhances the comprehension and memory. I will share my emotion in this journal and it will eventually improve my communication and strengthen my self-discipline. Identification of mentor Having a mentor can act as a catalyst to improve my communication skills. I will also provide benefits of solving my error while communicating. Tim Harley was my teacher when I was in my school days. He used to teach us English and he taught Communicative English in higher classes. He was an excellent orator and he has gift of the gab. He has his YouTube page where he shares his tips on communication improvement. I will join his class as he lives near our surrounding as well. I will join his training classes during the afternoon in a weekly basis. Tim Harley may help me to improve my verbal communication and he can inject me with motivation and self-confidence. Gantt chart: Set of Activities Week 1 Week 3 Week 6 Week 10 Week 16 Week 24 Proper Reading plans Keeping a personal journal for communication improvement Taking short crash-courses of communication Training under a mentor (Tim Harley) Starting implementation communication for professional Taking admission for Post-graduation courses on communication Table1: Gantt chart (Source: Self-developed) Reference List Adnan, Y. M., Daud, M. N., Alias, A., Razali, M. N. (2017). Importance of soft skills for graduates in the real estate programmes in Malaysia.Journal of Surveying, Construction and Property,3(2), 23-26 Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., Martin, J. N. (2015).Human communication in society. Sydney: Pearson. Berger, J. (2014). Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research.Journal of Consumer Psychology,24(4), 586-607. 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(2014).Interpersonal communication human relationships. Sydney: Pearson Higher Ed. Liu, B. F., Fraustino, J. D. (2014). Beyond image repair: Suggestions for crisis communication theory development.Public Relations Review,40(3), 543-546. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Abingdon: Routledge. Mundy, P., Sigman, M., Ungerer, J., Sherman, T. (2016). Defining the social deficits of autism: The contribution of non?verbal communication measures.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry,27(5), 657-669. Ng, S. H., Bradac, J. J. (2013).Power in language: Verbal communication and social influence. Sage Publications, Inc. Patton, L. J., Tidwell, J. D., Falder-Saeed, K. L., Young, V. B., Lewis, B. D., Binder, J. F. (2017). Ensuring safe transfer of pediatric patients: A quality improvement project to standardize handoff communication.Journal of Pediatric Nursing,34, 44-52. Petersons, A., Khalimzoda, I. (2016). Communication models and common basis for multicultural communication in Latvia. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. 423, 433. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Sydney: Pearson. Stead, B. A. (2013). Berlo's communication process model as applied to the behavioural theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor. Academy of Management Journal,15(3), 389-394. Thatcher, B., Evia, C. (2017).Outsourcing Technical Communication: Issues, Policies and Practices. Abingdon: Routledge. Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Bcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., ... Biocca, F. (2017). A process model of the formation of spatial presence experiences.Media Psychology,9(3), 493-525.